Bunaken National Park

Bunaken National Park is a marine park located in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, which covers an area of 890,65 km ² as representative of Indonesian tropical water ecosystems consisting of mangrove, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and coastal ecosystems. 7% of Bunaken National Park is the habitat of the sea, while the remaining 3% is mainland, covering five islands : Bunaken, Manado Tua, Mantehage, Naen and Siladen. In the northern part consists of the Bunaken, Manado Tua, Montehage, Siladen, and Nain Island. Coral reef ecosystem of Bunaken National Park is very rich. There are about 390 species of coral reefs in this region. Species of algae that can be found in Bunaken National Park is Caulerpa, Halimeda and Padina, while a lot of seaweed species found are Thalassia hemprichii, Enhallus acoroides, and Thalassaodendron ciliatum. Bunaken National Park also has various species of fish, marine mammals, reptiles, birds, molluscs and mangroves. About 90 species of fish living in waters of this region. On the mainland, the island is rich in Arecaceae, sago, woka, silar and coconut. In addition, the Bunaken National Park also has a species of animals that live on land, such as deer and possum. Mangrove forest in this park into a habitat for crabs, lobsters, molluscs and sea birds.

Types of animals living in terrestrial and coastal including Sulawesi black macaques (Macaca nigra nigra), deer (Cervus timorensis Russa), and possum (Ailurops ursinus ursinus). Plant species in the mangroves of Bunaken National Park namely Rhizophora sp., Sonneratia sp., Lumnitzera sp., And Bruguiera sp. This forest is rich with various kinds of crab, shrimp, mollusks and various types of sea birds such as seagulls, herons, sea virgin, and cangak sea. This type of algae found in this national park include the type of Caulerpa sp., Halimeda sp., And Padina sp. Seagrass beds are dominated mainly on the island Montehage, and Nain island of Thalassia hemprichii, Enhallus acoroides, and Thalassodendron ciliatum.

http://www.nationalparkadventure.info/2011/05/bunaken-national-park.html

National Parks Taka Bonerate

Taka Bonerate National Park located in Selayar District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Geographically situated between 120°55'- 121°00' east longitude and 6° 22'- 7°4' latitude. The number of islands in this region are as many as 21 islands. Taka Bonerate National Park has the third largest coral atoll in the world. Size of the atoll is approximately 220,000 hectares, with a coral reef flat area of 530,765 hectares. Coral atoll consisting of clusters of islands coral reefs , forming islands with considerable amounts. Among the islands of coral reefs, there are narrow straits are deep and steep. On the outer atoll area, surrounded by a mass of dark blue water that is deep enough waters (more than 1,500 meters) and steep. Most of the types of coral reefs have been formed atoll (barrier reef) and the reef edge (fringing reef). Everything is beautiful, coral reefs are still relatively intact. Taka Bonerate National Park consists of Macan Islands (14 islands) and Passi Tallu Islands (7 islands), which most of these islands are atolls with white sand configuration. At low tide the sea water will seem like a dry land interspersed by the puddle that formed small pools.

Flora species that grow in coastal areas dominated by coconut (Cocos nucifera), Pandan (Pandannus sp), Pines (Casuarina equisetifolia), "Ketapang" (Terminalia catappa) and "Waru" (Hibiscus tiliaceus). While the types of water plants that were common among other types of seaweed and algae from the type of Thalassia sp, Enhalus sp, Halimeda sp. and Sargasum sp. The types of turtles were recorded, including the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and Lekang turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).

Taka Bonerate National Park potential as a tourist attraction, as many as 15 islands in The Taka Bonerate National Park can do diving, snorkeling, and other marine tourism.

http://www.nationalparkadventure.info/2011/06/taka-bonerate-national-park.html

Manusela National Park

Manusela National Park with an area of 189,000 hectares is an area located in North and Southern Seram District in Tehoru Seram, Central Maluku district, Maluku Province of Indonesia. Manusela National Park is geographically located between 129°9'3 "- 129°46'14" BT and 2°48 ' 24 "- 3°18'24" LS. The Highest mountain in Manusela National Park is Binaya Mountain, with a height of 3.027 meters. Manusela National Park is a representative type of coastal ecosystem, swamp forest, lowland rain forest and mountain rain forest in Maluku. Vegetation types found in this national park is the mangrove, beach forest, swamp, river bank, tropical rain forest, mountain forest, and sub-alpine forest. A unique and beautiful forest, alpine vegetation and endemic fern that deer are very popular because it is a good deer feed. In addition, Manusela National Park can be used as a medium/place of field research because of the diversity of flora and fauna of rare and endemic, pharmaceutical research (types of medicinal plants) as well as research of plants which are an alternative food for the community.

Some plant species in this national park are "Meranti" (Shorea selanica), "Benuang" (Octomeles sumatrana), "Matoa" (Pometia pinnata), "Eucalyptus" (Melaleuca leucadendron), various kinds of orchids, and endemic ferns (Chintea binaya).

About 117 bird species found in the Manusela National Park, musk Ternate (Lorius garrulus), black-headed parrot (L. domicella), Seram cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis), king prawn (Halcyon lazuli and Halcyon sancta) and parrot ambon (Alisterus amboinensis). Parrot is one species endemic to the island of Maluku, its existence threatened with extinction in the wild due to poaching and the destruction of their habitat. Other wildlife in this national park is the deer (Cervus timorensis moluccensis), Kuskus (Phalanger orientalis orientalis), mongoose (Pardofelis marmorata), dugongs (Dugong dugon), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and various species of butterflies.

Point of tourism is to visit Merkele Edge, Edge Kabipoto, Wae Kawa, exploring the forest, rock climbing, animal/plant observation. In Pasahari is deer and bird wildlife observation. In Wai Isal, camping, exploring the forest, animal/plant observation. In Pilana, observations of butterflies and exploring the forest. At Binaya Mountain we can climbing, explore the forests and waterfalls. Manusela National Park is known as a natural tourist attraction with its own charm with beautiful natural scenery and interesting and hilly topography of which Markele edge, valley Manusela, edge Kobipoto, plains and valleys north Nausea Wae Kawa in the south. Attractions that can be enjoyed is exploring the forest, rock climbing, animal/plant observation.

http://www.nationalparkadventure.info/2011/06/manusela-national-park.html